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Logical
Confirmation of Miracles.
The logic behind a miracle being used to
confirm a religious truth claim goes like this:
1. If a theistic God exists, then miracles are possible.
2. A miracle is a special act of God.
3. God is the source and standard of all truth; he cannot err.
4. Nor would a theistic God act to confirm something as true that
was false.
5. Therefore, true miracles in connection with a message confirm
that message to be from God: (a) The miracle confirms the message. (b)
The sign confirms the sermon. (c) An act of God confirms the Word of
God. (d) New revelation needs new confirmation.
If there is an all-powerful, all-good, and all-wise God, then it
follows that he would not perform a miraculous act to confirm a lie.
Since miracles are by nature special acts of God, God would not act
contrary to his own nature. The God of all truth would not
miraculously confirm error. Hence, when a truth claim is repeatedly
confirmed by miracles, such as the Old Testament prophets, Jesus, and
the New Testament apostles did, then it is true and all opposing views
are false.
Criteria for Confirmation. Several criteria can be
established, on the basis of principles discussed above, for allowing
miracles as a confirmation of a truth claim. These are criteria for
apologetically valuable miracles. They all assume miracles to be
possible. Confirming miracles should be:
• Connected with a Truth Claim
• Truly Supernatural
• Unique
• Multiple
•
Predictive
Connected with a Truth Claim. Not all supernatural events
are connected with truth claims. There was no truth claim announced of
which the acts of creation are evidence. Neither was there a lesson
taught by the translation of Enoch to heaven (Genesis 5), the plagues
on the king who took Abraham’s wife (Genesis 12), the manna from
heaven (Exodus 16), Samson’s supernatural feats (Judges 14-16), or the
resurrection of the man who touched Elisha’s bones (2 Kings 13). Most
miracles are connected with a person who is thereby shown to be a
prophet of God. But these acts lack direct apologetic value without
the specific claim of prophethood and a message from God.
Truly Supernatural. A miracle is truly supernatural, as
opposed to an anomaly, magic, a psychosomatic cure, or even a special
act of providence. None of these involve true supernatural
intervention. All can be explained by natural means, even if they are
at times very unusual and though they are used by God. One
characteristic of a supernatural event is that it is immediate, rather
than gradual. It is an irregular and naturally unrepeatable event. It
is successful every time it is attempted by God or a person he
empowers.
Unique. Hume argued that an alleged supernatural event
cannot support one religious claim as long as a contradictory claim is
made by another who can perform the same kind of alleged miracles.
Similar competing miracles are self-canceling. Logically, from a
theistic standpoint, it is impossible for true miracles to confirm
contradictory claims, since a true miracle is an act of God, who
cannot confirm what amounts to a lie (Heb. 6:18; cf. Titus 1:2).
Multiple. As Deuteronomy 17:6 put it, "In the mouth of two
or three witnesses, every word shall be established." Multiple
witnesses are better than one. In fact, in crucial life-and-death
legal matters multiple testimony is often mandatory. One miracle
leaves room for doubt. Hence, apologetically relevant miracles should
be multiple.
Predictive. Another characteristic often connected with a
confirming miracle is that it is
often predicted. While this is not essential, it is helpful. It
eliminates charges that the miraculous event is not connected with the
truth claim. Otherwise, it might be viewed as a fluke. For example, if
a false teacher was teaching along the shores of the Sea of Galilee as
Jesus walked by on the water, Jesus’ walking should not have been
taken as a confirmation of the false teacher’s views.
On many occasions in the Bible, Jesus and other prophets predicted
and performed miracles that confirmed their claims. Jesus predicted
his resurrection from early in his ministry on (Matt. 12:40; 17:22-23;
20:18-19; John 2:19-22). He explicitly predicted the resurrection as a
"sign" (miracle) of his claims (Matt. 12:39-40). Once Jesus
emphatically said ahead of time that a miracle would be evidence of
his claim to be the Messiah: "‘But that you may know that the Son of
Man has authority on earth to forgive sins,’ he said to the paralytic,
‘I tell you, get up, take your mat and go home’" (Mark 2:10-11).
In the Old Testament miracles were often announced in advance.
Elijah predicted the fire from heaven to consume the sacrifice (1
Kings 18:22f.). Moses promised supernatural judgments of God on Egypt
(Exod. 4:21-23). Moses announced that the rod would bud (Num. 17:5)
and that the rebellious Korah would be judged (Num. 16:28-30).
Conclusion. Even Flew would not claim that his argument
eliminates the possibility of miracles. He does believe it seriously
cripples Christian apologetics. If miracles cannot be identified as
supernatural events, they have no real apologetic value. A merely
unusual event within nature can prove nothing beyond nature. However,
Christian apologists can evade this problem by either presupposing the
existence of God or by offering evidence independent of miracles for
his existence. For as long as there is a God who can act, then special
acts of God (miracles) are possible and identifiable. The only way to
disprove this possibility is to disprove the possibility of God’s
existence. But such attempts are notoriously unsuccessful and
self-refuting.
Not only can miracles confirm a truth claim, but biblical miracles
fit all the criteria for such apologetically valuable miracles. No
other religion or claimants to truth contradictory to Christianity
have offered verified examples of truly supernatural events. We can
conclude that biblical miracles, and they alone, support the truth
claims of Christ and the biblical prophets. Christianity alone is a
supernaturally confirmed religion.
Sources
Augustine, City of God (21.8)
A. Flew, "Miracles," EP
N. L. Geisler, Christian Apologetics
_____, Miracles and the Modern Mind
C. S. Lewis, Miracles
J. Locke, Reasonableness of Christianity
B. Russell, "What Is an Agnostic?" Look, 1953
R. Swinburne, Miracles
Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles, Bk. 3
C. Van Til, Defense of the Faith
B. B. Warfield, Counterfeit Miracles
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